A strand of human DNA, containing every bit of information about you, contains 3 billion base pairs. These base pairs can be A, T, C, or G. Since it takes two bits to represent 4 options, your full DNA sequence would occupy 6 billion bits in a computer -- or 800 megabytes. This is just enough to fit onto a compact disc!
And according to an old fact, with current IP addressing, we could almost give every person on Earth a unique address.
What makes the South Pole so much colder than the North Pole is that it sits on top of a very thick ice sheet, which itself sits on a continent. The surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole is more than 9,000 feet in elevation --more than a mile and a half above sea level. Antarctica is by far the highest continent on the earth.
In comparison, the North Pole rests in the middle of the Arctic Ocean, where the surface of floating ice rides only a foot or so above the surrounding sea. The Arctic Ocean also acts as an effective heat reservoir, warming the cold atmosphere in the winter and drawing heat from the atmosphere in the summer.
In 1961, the Soviets detonated the largest
single explosion by the human species - a 58-megaton thermonuclear
weapon on Novaya Zemlya, an island in the Arctic Sea.
58-megaton means that the blast was equivalent to exploding 58,000,000 tons of dynamite.
According to Mythbusters, if you fall/jump from 160 feet, your body experiences 285 G's, or 285 times the normal force of gravity, when you hit the water.
To put this in context, the force your body experiences in a normal car crash is 70 G's.
The atoms in the air around us are flying around at about 1,000 miles per hour (for normal room temperature).
As the temperature drops, the atoms slow down - In 1995, physicists in Boulder, CO, cooled atoms to 20 billionths of a degree above absolute zero, where all motion ceases, creating a Bose-Einstein condensate - a new state of matter that "had never existed anywhere in the universe ever before".
In a 10-megaton nuclear bomb explosion (as big as they get), all the energy is produced from less than 1 pound of matter, in accordance with Einstein's formula E=mc2.
This one pound of highly enriched uranium (~90% Uranium-235 for weapons grade vs. 2% -3% for civilian reactors) has as much energy as a million pounds of gasoline (a cube 50 ft/side).
There are only 6 lists of hurricane names,
used in rotation, so hurricanes have the same name every
6 years. Also, the list for each year includes one hurricane
name for each letter of the alphabet except Q, U, X, Y, and Z.
If a hurricane is particularly devastating or costly, however,
the name can be retired. Atlantic storms can have French, English
or Spanish names because those are the languages spoken where
the hurricane activity usually is.
Your body has 10 times more bacteria cells than human cells!
According to Princeton geneticist Bonnie Bassler, there are 10^10 bacterial cells in your gut. You only have 10^9 human cells making up your whole body. So there are 10 times more bacterial cells in you, or on you, than human cells. By weight, you are more human than bacteria, because your cells are bigger, but by numbers, it's not even close.
A "nautical mile" is technically the angular distance of 1 minute of arc (1/60th of one degree) on the Earth's surface. It has been defined as 6,080 feet even though an arcminute is different lengths at different latitudes (since the Earth bulges at the equator).
A "knot" is a measure of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour (or about 1.15 mph). The name comes from the knots tied in the log line used with the sand glass. The log line was thrown onto the sea and the knots in the line were counted as they ran out during the sand glass interval.
"Special Relativity states that nothing that is moving initially slower than the speed of light can be accelerated to exceed the speed of light. This is not strictly speaking the same as the statement that nothing can travel faster than light. It is in principle possible that particles exist which move faster than light from the moment they are created.
If such particles did exist, however, Special Relativity implies that they could never be slowed down to velocities below the speed of light. The existence of such particles, called tachyons, has not been totally ruled out, but several experiments have tried, without luck to detect them. If they did exist, and they interacted with ordinary matter, it would give us the means to communicate with the past...
Ever wonder why your breath become visible in the cold...
There is no fixed air temperature for frosty breath. Exhaled air has relatively high amounts of moisture from our lungs. When this warm, moist air is chilled, the moisture condenses. The exhaled air is chilled below its saturation temperature, or dew point. For big dramatic clouds of frosty breath, it helps to have humid air. Why? This stops the condensation cloud from evaporating too quickly. The water droplets will last longer in moist air, because the air is already fairly saturated.
Matthew Nagle can control his TV and computer just by thinking!
After a knife attack in 2001, Matthew became paralyzed from the neck down. However, he received a brain implant consisting of 100 electrodes implanted a millimeter deep in the motor cortex of his brain that controls movement.
Now, he can think his TV on and off, change channels and alter the volume thanks to the technology and software linked to devices in his home. Read more!
An attosecond is 1 x 10-18 seconds. To imagine how long this is, if 100 attoseconds is stretched so that it lasts one second, one second would last 300 million years on the same scale. But by using lasers, we may be able to make new clocks that are accurate to one second over a billion years (more accurate than atomic clocks).
As surprising as it is, on a 100-foot course, you soak up more than twice the rain by running instead of walking. By walking, it's really only the top of your head and your shoulders that get wet. When you run, you get the whole front face of your body wet as well.
Do onions bother you? No wonder! The reason that onions cause people to tear up is that onion cells contain a sulfur-containing chemical compound. When your knife slices through that, it triggers a series of chemical reactions. When the new molecules react with the moisture in your eyes, sulfuric acid -- the most widely used of all chemicals and a major component of battery acid and acid rain-- is formed.
But good ol' Texas is keeping its young ladies safe from such worries. The town of Nacogdoches, has a strict onions curfew for "young women." Under no circumstances are they allowed to have any raw onions after 6 p.m.
Thirsty? You and most Americans -- who essentially live in a state of semi-dehydration. There's good reason health advocates push water -- it leaves fast!
The average human loses between 3 and 6 liters of water on a typical day. One to two liters rushes out as urine, and another one-tenth liter in defecation. Water lost as vapor when you breathe could fill around 1 to 2 liter water bottles a day-even more in arid locations. Sweat fills up another 1 to 2 liters on an average day, but that amount can reach 1 to 2 liters per hour in an intense workout.
But if you're dehydrated, that super gulp won't give you the quick fix you dream of. The body can only absorb about 1 quart per hour...
Well, you and the Kama Sutra know that there are more than a few ways to get crazy while conceiving, but did you know that there are more than 18 ways to biologically create an embryo? Including the clearly next-to-nature "Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection" and "Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis"
The normal static electricity shock that zaps your finger when you touch a doorknob in the winter (why winter?) is usually between 10,000 and 30,000 volts!
But it can't hurt you because it is only 2 milliamps (i.e. about 12 million billion electrons that fly over to your finger in a flash) compared to 500mA that a 60W bulb uses.
Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the earth's crust. However, since it's never found in a pure state the refining process makes it one of the more expensive metals.
Aluminum is everywhere -- many gemstones, for example ruby and sapphire, are mainly crystalline aluminum oxide (Al2O3). In addition, many of the world's top performance vehicles, like the Ferrari 360 Modena and the Audi A8, are 100% aluminum, since it's lighter than steel but at least twice as strong.
The caffeine extracted from coffee beans to make decaf is sold to drug and soft drink manufacturers.
Caffeine is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in the leaves, seeds, and fruit of tea, coffee, cacao, and kola trees, and has been prescribed for human use as far back as the 6th century B.C. when the spiritual leader Lao-tzu is said to have recommended tea as an elixir for deciples of his new religion, Taoism.
The "windchill" is supposed to indicate how cold it feels.
A windchill temperature is, rather, a calculation of how cold it would have to be to cause the same rate of heat loss from your skin if there were no wind blowing. Wind chill approximates how cold it feels because the rate of heat loss corresponds with skin temperature, and skin temperature is what our nerves sense.
But they use the unusually high skin resistance of the 95th percentile of people to measure wind chill and therefore overestimate how cold it feels.